Oleo john coltrane alabama

1963 jazz composition by John Coltrane

This article is about John Coltrane's 1963 composition. For uses of Alabama, see Alabama (disambiguation).

"Alabama" is a musical composition by the American jazz artist John Coltrane, first recorded in 1963 by Coltrane with McCoy Tyner, Jimmy Garrison, and Elvin Jones.

Two takes from that session appear on Coltrane's 1964 album Live at Birdland. It is widely believed^[a] that Coltrane conceived of and performed the composition in response to the 16th Street Baptist Church bombing on September 15, 1963—an attack by the Ku Klux Klan in Birmingham, Alabama, that killed four African-American girls: Addie Mae Collins (14), Cynthia Wesley (14), Carole Robertson (14), and Carol Denise McNair (11).

History

Jazz historian Bill Cole, in his 1977 book, John Coltrane, states that Coltrane composed "Alabama" as a memorial to the four victims.

The date of the first recording – November 18, 1963 – was sixt